Life at Eclipse

I spent last week at JavaOne in San Francisco, and I thought I would share a few things about the event that might be of interest to the Eclipse community.

First I should mention that I thought the buzz at the conference was the best that I’ve felt for years. It was certainly the best since Oracle acquired Java, but it was also better than the last couple of Sun-run events. Back in those days, all the loud music and hype on the planet couldn’t hide Sun’s lack of vision and investment in the Java platform. I’m not saying that everything is perfect in Javaland, but things are certainly moving in the right direction.

On one hand, it would be fair to say that there wasn’t a lot of Eclipse at this year’s JavaOne. The Eclipse Foundation did not have a booth in the exhibit hall. There weren’t a lot of sessions, and Oracle does seem to love to talk about NetBeans. Other than 10-year-old Aditya Gupta’s “hacking Minecraft” demo in the Thursday community spotlight, I don’t think there was a mention of Eclipse in any of the keynotes.

But in some ways, this was the best JavaOne for Eclipse ever. In fact, there was Eclipse inside a couple of the most talked about projects at the show.

1. Did you know that we (sort of) won our community’s first Duke Award? The Open Home Automation Bus (openHAB) project was recognized for its creative and innovative uses of Java technology. You can read more from Kai Kreuzer’s blog post.
   

   “Contributors to the openHAB project have developed a Java-based home automation solution, which includes a runtime based on the Equinox OSGi runtime and Eclipse Jetty web server and a scripting language for easily defining automation logic. openHAB provides a central integration point for developers to integrate devices and applications into the solution.”

   If this sounds familiar, it should, because within the next couple of weeks the core of openHAB will be moving to Eclipse and becoming the Eclipse Smart Home project.

2. In the opening JavaOne keynote, and again in the Thursday morning IoT keynote at OpenWorld, Oracle highlighted a very cool people counter M2M application developed for the conference by Eurotech and Hitachi which used doorway sensors to track the movement of people through the conference. The application was built with Java, OSGi and MQTT technologies. In other words, it showcased Eclipse Paho (MQTT), Mosquitto (soon to be Eclipse Mosquitto), and the OSGi-based device gateway frameworks which Eurotech has proposed to contribute to the Eclipse Kura project. The M2M/IoT community at Eclipse is growing very quickly, and it was great to see so much of its potential being highlighted at JavaOne.

So all-in-all, I would say that the Eclipse community played a low-key but darn cool role at JavaOne 2013.

As we started talking about back in February, the Eclipse Foundation is doing a major overhaul of our IP processes. With the Kepler release now firmly in its end-game, the time has come to start rolling this out.

In February, I identified three major pieces of work that needed to get done:

• First, we are going to implement Contributor License Agreements (CLAs) for all contributors at Eclipse. The CLA will be a short document that essentially asks The Three Questions once. We will collect some information about the contributor so that we have a record on file of who is giving us code or documentation. Note that the Eclipse Foundation CLA will be quite different from those in use at other organizations. For example, Apache’s CLAs basically give the ASF a license equivalent to ownership for contributions. The Oracle Contributor Agreement (OCA) used by OpenJDK community gives Oracle joint ownership of contributions. The Eclipse CLA is much more modest. In terms of licenses, all it says is that the contributor agrees that their contributions will be provided under the license(s) for the project they’re contributing to. You can review and discuss the draft CLA on bug 401349.
• Second, we are going to support signed-off-by for contributions which flow to Eclipse project via git and Gerrit. The goal here is to make it as simple as possible for Eclipse projects to accept contributions via the community best practices which have grown up around git. As part of this, we will be developing a contributor certificate of originality, inspired by the one used by the Linux community.
• And finally, we are going to automate as much of this workflow as possible. Our CLAs will be presented and completed on-line. There will be Gerrit support so committers get an immediate indication as to whether a contributor has a CLA on file. There will be git triggers which will reject a commit where there is no CLA on file for the author of the code commit.

Ever since then, we’ve been working on getting all of the pieces lined up to go live with these capabilities. Today is the first step!

The Eclipse Contributor License Agreement is now live. This means that contributors can execute a CLA, and get theirs on file. Committers will be able to use the PMI (project management infrastructure) to look up whether a particular contributor has a CLA on file. So starting immediately, you will be able to refer to a CLA rather than asking the “three questions” on a bug. This is basically delivering on the first item above.

For the second item, the Eclipse Foundation Contributor’s Certificate of Origin has been published, and contributors and committers should start using the signed-by option with git.

In order for a contributor to sign their CLA, they need to do the following:

1. Obtain and Eclipse Foundation userid. Anyone who currently uses our Bugzilla or Gerrit systems already has one of those. If they don’t, they need to register.
2. Login into the projects portal, select “My Account”, and then the “Contributor License Agreement” tab.

Navigate to the CLA

The day after Kepler ships — Thursday, June 27th — we will deliver on the third item, which is automation. On that day, we will start automatically enforcing CLAs. This means that every time a contribution arrives at one of our git repositories (including Gerrit), the author field will be checked to ensure that there is a CLA or Committer Agreement on file for the author. If there isn’t, the contribution will be rejected.

Progress!

The Eclipse Public License, and its predecessor the Common Public License have been in existence for around 12 years now. A lot has changed since the EPL’s introduction in 2004, and the time has come for a review to ensure it remains current. As a result, we are going to kick off a public process to solicit input on the license, and discuss possible revisions. Once we’ve arrived at a set of revisions which have a broad support, the Eclipse Foundation Board of Directors would have to unanimously approve the new version. And, of course, any revisions would be submitted to the Open Source Initiative to have them certified as compliant with the Open Source Definition.

I don’t want to steer the conversation in any particular direction, but as a sampler of issues, here are a couple:

1. The distinction drawn between object code and source code aren’t really helpful when you’re talking about scripting languages like JavaScript.
2. The use of the term “module” is confusing to some.

There are a few things that we already know we don’t want to change. First and foremost is that the EPL will remain a copyleft license. Another is that we want to continue to enable a commercially-licensed ecosystem based on Eclipse technologies.

We are going to be starting these discussions soon on the epl-discuss@eclipse.org mailing list (subscribe here), and will be tracking individual issues in the Eclipse Foundation/Community/License component in the Eclipse bugzilla.

If you are interested in the future of Eclipse licensing, please join in the conversation!

I’m very happy to announce that we are going to be making some fairly significant changes to the workflows and processes around how contributions flow into Eclipse projects, and how Eclipse committers will process them. The good news is that we think that the new approaches are going to make things a lot easier for everyone. For more details, you can take a look at the presentation I did at a recent Architecture Council meeting.

First, a quick summary of how contributions come into Eclipse today.

• A contributor makes some changes to an Eclipse project and sends them to Eclipse for review and acceptance by an Eclipse committer. The first complication is that there are several different ways that can happen: contributions can come as push to Gerrit, or a patch in Bugzilla. Which means that the conversations about contributions can occur in multiple places.
• Assuming the committer likes the contribution and wants to take it, they are then required to ask the contributor “The Three Questions” on either Gerrit or Bugzilla. The Three Questions are:
  1. Did you author 100% of the content you’re contributing?
  2. Do you have the rights to contribute this content to Eclipse?
  3. Are you willing to contribute the content under the project’s license(s) (e.g. EPL)

The problem with this approach is that it’s very manual, error prone, and annoying. In particular, asking a prolific contributor the same three questions each and every time they try to help you out is just not helpful. It is particularly annoying in the context of the normal git workflows, where there there are numerous conventions for dealing with contributions.

So here’s how we are going to make it better:

• First, we are going to implement Contributor License Agreements (CLAs) for all contributors at Eclipse. The CLA will be a short document that essentially asks The Three Questions once. We will collect some information about the contributor so that we have a record on file of who is giving us code or documentation. Note that the Eclipse Foundation CLA will be quite different from those in use at other organizations. For example, Apache’s CLAs basically give the ASF a license equivalent to ownership for contributions. The Oracle Contributor Agreement (OCA) used by OpenJDK community gives Oracle joint ownership of contributions. The Eclipse CLA is much more modest. In terms of licenses, all it says is that the contributor agrees that their contributions will be provided under the license(s) for the project they’re contributing to. You can review and discuss the draft CLA on bug 401349.
• Second, we are going to support signed-off-by for contributions which flow to Eclipse project via git and Gerrit. The goal here is to make it as simple as possible for Eclipse projects to accept contributions via the community best practices which have grown up around git. As part of this, we will be developing a contributor certificate of originality, inspired by the one used by the Linux community.
• And finally, we are going to automate as much of this workflow as possible. Our CLAs will be presented and completed on-line. There will be Gerrit support so committers get an immediate indication as to whether a contributor has a CLA on file. There will be git triggers which will reject a commit where there is no CLA on file for the author of the code commit.

There are a ton of details to be worked out, not least of which is the timetable to roll all of this out. Stay tuned for that. If you want to get involved in the conversation, please join in on bug 401236.

Update: fixed typo “we think we think” in the first paragraph.

I am very happy to report that after a little bit of conversation, the JRuby project has moved from the Common Public License (CPL) to the Eclipse Public License (EPL). So as of this moment, JRuby is tri-licensed under the EPL/LGPL/GPL. This is an excellent reminder to all remaining CPL-licensed projects (hello JUnit! – discussion thread here) to consider re-licensing under the EPL. I documented all of the history and background back in 2009 when the EPL officially became the CPL’s successor, and the CPL was deprecated by the Open Source Initiative (OSI).

This whole JRuby transition came about because Charles Nutter and I accidentally met one another over good Belgian beer at FOSDEM. Since that approach doesn’t scale, I am going to use this event to remind folks that if your project is still using the CPL, you should switch and it is really easy to do so.

Some key points:

• Back in 2009, the CPL was superseded by the EPL. This means that the EPL is the successor version of the CPL. It also means that using the CPL is the licensing equivalent of using deprecated code.
• Because the EPL is the successor version to the CPL, the “new version re-licensing” clause in Section 7 of the CPL applies. In other words, you can re-license your project without seeking the approval of all of your contributors.
• The CPL and EPL basically differ by about one sentence, which you can see here. The difference relates to the scope of patent licenses terminated should someone sue another party for patent infringement. This is the kind of stuff that lawyers love, but most developers don’t really care about.

Thanks to the JRuby team for fixing this so quickly!